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In August 1996, the Government of Tamil Nadu officially changed the name from Madras to Chennai. There are also suggestions that it may have originated from the Portuguese phrase Mãe de Deus or Madre de Dios, which means " mother of God", due to Portuguese influence on the port city, specifically referring to a Church of St. British military mapmakers believed Madras was originally Mundir-raj or Mundiraj, which was the name of a Telugu community, Mudiraj, who were the native inhabitants of the city. However, it is uncertain whether the name was in use before the arrival of Europeans. According to some sources, Madras is derived from Madraspattinam, a fishing village north of Fort St George. A Vijayanagar-era inscription dated to the year 1367 that mentions the port of Mādarasanpattanam, along with other small ports on the east coast, was discovered in 2015 and it was theorised that the aforementioned port is the fishing port of Royapuram. The name Madras is also of native origin, and has been shown to have been in use before the British established a presence in India.
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The first official use of the name Chennai is said to be in a sale deed, dated August 1639, to Francis Day of the East India Company, even before the Chennakesava Perumal Temple was built in 1646, while some scholars argue to the contrary. It was derived from the name of a Telugu ruler, Damarla Mudirasa Chennappa Nayakudu, father of Damarla Venkatapathy Nayak, a Nayak ruler who served as a general under Venkata III of the Vijayanagar Empire from whom the British acquired the town in 1639. See also: Names of Chennai in different languages It is one of the 100 Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under the Smart Cities Mission. Home to the Tamil film industry, Chennai is also known as a major film production centre. More than one-third of India's automobile industry being based in the city. In October 2017, Chennai was added to the UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN) list for its rich musical tradition. Chennai was also named the ninth-best cosmopolitan city in the world by Lonely Planet. National Geographic mentioned Chennai as the only South Asian city to feature in its 2015 "Top 10 food cities" list. In 2015 Chennai was named the "hottest" city (city worth visiting and worth living in for long term) by the BBC, citing the mixture of both modern and traditional values. Ĭhennai is ranked as a beta-level city in the Global Cities Index, and was ranked the best city in India by India Today in the 2014 annual Indian city survey. Tourism-guide publisher Lonely Planet named Chennai as one of the top ten cities in the world to visit in 2015. An established port of trade of British India since the 1600s, Chennai has the fifth-largest urban economy, and had the third-largest expatriate population in India, at 35,000 in 2009, 82,790 in 2011 and estimated at over 100,000 by 2016. As such, it is termed "India's health capital". Chennai attracts 45 percent of health tourists visiting India, and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists. The Quality of Living Survey rated Chennai as the safest city in India.
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It was ranked the 43rd-most visited city in the world for the year 2015 and was ranked the 36th-most visited city in the world for the year 2019. The traditional and de facto gateway of South India, Chennai is among the most-visited Indian cities by foreign tourists. The city of Chennai is coterminous with Chennai district, which together with the adjoining suburbs constitutes the Chennai Metropolitan Area, the 36th-largest urban area in the world by population and one of the largest metropolitan economies of India. The Greater Chennai Corporation is the civic body responsible for the city it is the oldest city corporation of India, established in 1688-the second oldest in the world after London. The state's largest city in area and population as well, Chennai is located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, and is the most prominent cultural, economic and educational centre of South India.Īccording to the 2011 Indian census, Chennai is the sixth-most populous city in the country and forms the fourth-most populous urban agglomeration.